滇池水污染与滇池鲫鱼群体遗传结构变迁
- 来源：新浪科技 作者：苹果 时间：2008-05-05 21:42:21
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张子杰云南师范大学附属中学高二年级
李施莹昆明市第一中学 高二年级
吴雨秋潇 云南大学附属中学 高二年级
摘 要
为了解滇池污染对生物的影响，通过对滇池不同污染程度水域的鲫鱼群体和水质的野外调查及采样，以及鲫鱼染色体及DNA水平的研究发现，随着水体污染程度呈现由南向北逐渐加重，滇池鲫鱼群体组成结构呈现二倍体频率明显降低，而三倍体频率明显升高，群体遗传多样性则显著下降的变化规律。统计学分析显示滇池鲫鱼种群变化与水污染指标呈显著相关，提示水体严重污染和富营养化是导致滇池鲫鱼群体组成结构剧烈变化和遗传多样性减少的重要因素。我们的研究结果证明环境污染可以在较短的时间内导致鲫鱼形态、遗传结构和多样性的显著改变。看来，环境污染对生物多样性的影响值得进一步研究。为了我们的健康和子孙后代的发展，我们必需立即行动，努力维护我们赖以生存的生态环境。
关键词：鲫鱼；滇池；水体污染；群体遗传结构
Subject：Zoology
Influences of water pollution on the genetic structure of wild goldfish (Carassius auratus ) in the Lake Dianchi
Zijie Zhang1, Shiying Li2, Qiuxiaoyu Wu3
(1.High School Attached To Yunnan Normal University， 2. The first Middle School of Kunming,
3. High School Attached To Yunnan University)
Abstract: To study pollution influences on organisms in the Lake Dianchi, we investigated population demography and genetic structure of wild goldfish Carassius auratus (both diploids and triploids) in this lake. By studying ploidy at chromosomal level and genetic diversity at DNA level of the fish, together with concentration of pollutants, our results showed that with the aggravation of water pollution from South to North of Lake Dianchi, the population genetic diversity has been dramatically on loss, the frequency of diploids in the goldfish population decreased significantly, while the frequency of triploids also increased accordingly. Furthermore, association analyses indicated that worse and worse water pollution and eutrophic might be main causes leading to the dramatic change in the genetic structure and diversity of the goldfish population in the Lake. Our work has presented an intriguing evidence for rapid adaptive evolution under directional natural selection pressure, which needs further investigation. It also gave us an alarm that we should take part in the action to protect our ecological environment, not only for our progeniture but also for the health ourselves.
Key words: Goldfish (Carassius auratus); the Lake Dianch; water pollution; population genetic structure
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